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Vladimir Lenin

1870 – 1924

dead

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, known as Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary who led the October 1917 Bolshevik seizure of power and served as the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from its 1922 formation. His government established the Cheka secret police, opened the first Soviet concentration camps in 1918, prosecuted the Red Terror that killed an estimated 50,000 to 200,000 political opponents, and fought the Russian Civil War in which several million more died. He laid the institutional and ideological foundation for the totalitarian system that Joseph Stalin would build on after his death.