John Maynard Keynes

1883 – 1946

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, was an English economist whose 1936 General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money fundamentally reshaped macroeconomic thought by arguing that aggregate demand—rather than market self-correction—drives economic output and that active fiscal policy could pull economies out of depression. His ideas underpinned the New Deal response to the Great Depression and the post-war Bretton Woods framework that he helped negotiate, in which he served as the principal British representative. He is widely regarded as the father of modern macroeconomics.

Last checked: May 10, 2026, 1:06 PM