Giuseppe Garibaldi

1807 – 1882

Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian general and revolutionary republican whose campaigns played a central role in the Risorgimento and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. In 1860 his Expedition of the Thousand—a volunteer force of red-shirted irregulars—seized the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in a matter of months, delivering southern Italy to the new unified state. Known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" for his earlier guerrilla campaigns in South America, he refused titles, lands, and pensions in old age and remains one of the most celebrated figures of 19th-century European nationalism.

Last checked: May 10, 2026, 1:06 PM