Edward I

1239 – 1307

Edward I, known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. He waged a series of brutal conquests of Wales—building the great chain of Welsh castles to garrison the country—and Scotland, where he ordered the public hanging, drawing, and quartering of Scottish leader William Wallace in 1305. In 1290 his Edict of Expulsion ordered all Jews to leave England, the first such national expulsion in Europe; the order remained in effect for more than three and a half centuries.

Last checked: May 10, 2026, 1:06 PM