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Bashar al-Assad

1965 – 20??

alive

Bashar Hafez al-Assad is a Syrian former politician and physician who served as president of Syria from 2000 until his overthrow in December 2024 amid the rebel offensive that ended five decades of Assad-family rule. From 2011 his government's response to peaceful pro-democracy protests escalated into the Syrian Civil War, which has killed an estimated 600,000 people; his forces repeatedly used chemical weapons against civilian populations, including the August 2013 sarin attack in eastern Ghouta and the April 2017 sarin attack in Khan Shaykhun. He fled to Russia in late 2024 and has been granted asylum there.