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Alfred Nobel

1833 – 1896

dead

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist who invented dynamite in 1867 and held 355 patents over the course of his life across explosives, synthetic materials, and weapons systems. Confronting the violent legacy of his inventions after a French newspaper mistakenly published an obituary calling him "the merchant of death," he rewrote his will in 1895 to bequeath his fortune to the establishment of the Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. The first prizes were awarded in 1901, five years after his death.